Case Study Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study Assignment - Essay Example nt that would justify entering the China market would put to rest any counterarguments and indicate that Google’s move was still consistent with their unofficial company motto: â€Å"Don’t Be Evil†. Google could address the arguments that entry into the China market and abiding with the government’s law for censorship is the only logical, viable, and ethical solution for providing services to the China market and allowing access to the Google search engine, as against totally preventing their entry. Google could justify that among a magnanimous amount of information that could be accessed, only a few controversial issues where explicitly identified by Chinese government and they do justice to the government and to their Chinese clientele through abiding by these regulations. B. Being silent is another strategy that would still indicate that Google does not need to explain their entry into the China market since obviously, the organization has made every possible cost-benefit analysis and justifications that led to the decision. By being silent, Google affirms conformity to the same corporate mantra and as long as they do not violate any international law, the organization adheres to ethical, moral and legal standards. The focus is to advertise their focus on serving the global market to indicate that they are more concerned of unifying the world, than, being contributory to restrictive access. Actually, they could issue a public statement to justify their entry to the China market and at the same time design a promotional campaign that Google focuses on serving the global market by addressing the distinct needs and requirements of varied

Crucible Character Analyses of Abigail Williams Essay Example for Free

Crucible Character Analyses of Abigail Williams Essay The play Crucible is set in Salem, Massachusetts, 1692; the government is a theocracy. Hard work and church consume the majority of a Salem resident’s time. Within the community, there are regular disputes over land; but disagreement over land boundaries is not the only simmering situation that becomes out of control. Abigail, the orphaned niece to Reverend Parris, is cast out of the house of John and Elizabeth Proctor because of her part in the infidelity and adultery committed with John Proctor. Her uncle is suspicious of her hasty exit, and even more so when he discovers her dancing in the woods. In order to avoid punishment, Abigail claims to be victimised by evil, thus causing madness that spread like wildfire through Salem, claiming many innocent souls. Yet the one who escaped punishment, Abigail, is not innocent. However, her crime, invisible to the eyes of the judges, for whom faith had replaced psychology, is not to have trafficked with the Devil; it is, with truly diabolic determination, to have brought about the ruin of the woman she cannot forgive for being married to the one she loves. Throughout the play, the people of Salem are consumed by paranoia and fear. Abigail is able to prey on that fear, as well as every other humanly weakness, and with her cunning, she is able to bend others to do her will. With a combination of lies and threats, as well as her capability to take advantage of paranoia and hysteria, Abigail seems to be an untouchable antagonist. When first introduced to the antagonist, we develop sympathy for Abigail, enters a strikingly beautiful girl, an orphan, with endless capacity for dissembling. We are told that she is strikingly beautiful which undoubtedly gives us a brief visual aid of her appearance, author Arthur miller may have chosen to tell us this to suggest she is seductive and he emphasises the fact that she is beautiful with a powerful adverb, strikingly. We then become aware that she is an orphan, this uses the readers emotions to develop some sympathy for abigail, one could also suggest that with out that adult, mature, and older figure to nurture and advise abigail, she has not only become very independent, but possibly unaware of morals which maybe be the reason for the heartless actions she makes to get her way. In addition we are told that she has an endless capacity of dissembling, she is able to hide her true emotions/feelings in all situations, this tells us that she is a deceitful, lier but very intelligent, resourceful and highly mischievous girl. Already without abigail actually speaking, her impression has twisted and turned but is a mainly negative view. In addition when interrogated about her where about and the events that took place the previous evening, we begin to see a ruthless character unfold, one can perceive Abigails talent in the area of villainy. She lies continuously in order to protect herself. She denies her role in the witchcraft as she is being questioned by Parris, But we never conjured spirits. Not soon after she also refuses to admit other events that took place. No one was naked! You mistake yourself, uncle!. It is obvious that Abigail is a compulsive liar. She sees no problem with concealing the truth and would use imperatives to manipulate people even her own family to ensure and change their thoughts and opinions. Abigail is known to some as a Jezebel figure, someone who is commonly associated with the devil and scheming. Abigail’s evil can be seen through her interactions with the other characters in the play; she threatens Betty and Mary Warren, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word about the other things and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and i will a pointy reckoning that will shudder you† this shows a side to her that is devilish, threatening and in a way powerful, these threats are used to manipulate the other girls, to take part in her evil schemes only for her selfish gain.

Essay examples --

Mackenzie George 10085404 Religions 131 Michelle Wagner Introduction The author of this book is a professor and the chair of the history of medicine Association of the Queens University. The author is experienced in philosophy, medicine, law and history. The author also headed the association of the history of medicine in Canada. The author of the book also wrote many research articles in various fields of study in the society. This book gives an overview of the origin, function and the meaning of the aspects of veneration of the twin Saints Damian and Cosmas especially in Europe and North America. The aspects of the case studies in the Italian immigrant culture and the devotions were also given emphasis by the author. The book also gives an exploration of the nature and history of religious aspects in healing as well as the medical views concerning such religious healings. This book, therefore, tries to separate the religious aspects of healing from the medical means of treating people. The modern culture takes into consideration the differences between the two aspects of healing. The miracles are therefore separated from the medical healings and treatment of the people in the society. The histories of medicine and miracles have a close relation as shown by the author of this book. The saints in the Roman Catholic Church are recognized based on proximity or closeness to God. This was shown by the fact that the miracles recorded in history were closely associated to a combination of some medical assistance or physician testimonies. Most of the miracles were recorded between the periods of 1588 to 1999.These records in the book contained intimate analysis of prayer, illness and treatment in relation to the lives of the peasants an... ...ealing was given much emphasis in this book. In conclusion, the author explored the themes on cultural diversities and Christianity religious views. This, therefore, helped bring out the how the society accepts the change in religious views due to improvements in the medical field. The book also played an important role in showing how the healing activities are facilitated. The book, therefore, tried to clearly separate the aspects of Christianity from the medical views of healing. This also challenged the human reasoning due to the dilemma of the history presented by the victims of the miracles healing in the society. The author of the book presented information in a manner that the reader can easily understand the cultural and religious views in the society. The relation between the Italian culture and Christianity were also given focus and emphasis by the author.

General Profile City of Kelsey

The City of Kelsey is a very eco-friendly community. Their goals were to provide a safer environment for their community. They wanted to encourage their quality of life with health lifestyles and efforts for the environment. They have organic gardens, and orchards. They really focus on natural resources and preservation. The type of work in the City of Kelsey is a consulting firm, trucking company, organic fruits and vegetables, and a construction company.The prime shipping company is Huffman trucking which ships there organic, fruits and vegetables. Kelsey gardens runs a restaurant and have positions available in the vacationing season. They also have a construction company that helps Jobs become available for the residents of Kelsey such as construction, contracting, designing and engineering. The community of the City of Kelsey has an annual balloon fest every year, and a monthly farmers market for the community. They also partake in the St.Patrick's Day Parade, craft fairs, and a memorial softball tournament, and an annual 10K marathon. The residents of the City of Kelsey are very involved in their community and there are lots of activities for all. The members of the community really pull together to make things happen and keep everyone going. They also have a post office that offers shipping and mailing services for the residents. There medical center allows you to get the proper care when you need it.The responsibilities of the people of the City of Kelsey is to let the community now that they focus on continuously improving and making the City of Kelsey a happy place for all. There are so many opportunities at the City of Kelsey whether it's finding employment or Joining the small or large businesses of the community. Each member of this community puts all efforts to making sure that they keep their community clean and help everyone developing a healthy lifestyle.The responsibilities of the community to their individuals are to let them feel like they c an e comfortable and involved in their community. They offer numerous activities to bring everyone closer together as a community and at the same time they are having fun and staying healthy. As a member of this community being socially responsible would consist of volunteering my time and efforts to be a part of this community and do whatever it takes to keep it going strong and help come up with fresh new ideas for the community to grow and become a part of.

Paper B1-Privacy-Related Matrix Essay

This assignment gives you an opportunity to analyze a key IT-related organizational ethical privacy issue subject to relevant laws, regulations, and policies. Both of the following sites provide sources and an excellent backdrop for issues relating to privacy protection and the law. See EPIC Report – at: http://epic.org/reports/ See List on left: HOT POLICY ISSUES and/or: https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy [see list at right on this page] This includes sub-topics discussing information privacy, privacy laws, applications and court rulings (case law is usually an extension of the basic law based on the facts from specific cases and real-world court decisions), and key privacy and anonymity issues. While the sites provide many interesting topics, be sure to focus on our class IT topics. 1. Use the template below and the list of suggested workforce privacy topics from one of the sites above to produce a matrix to map a key organizational ethical issue and how this issue is affected by laws, regulations, and policies. Use the list of normative ethics below to help you complete the matrix. Choose any three (only three) of the following list of twelve (12) principles of normative ethics described below. 2. Prepare the Ethical Dilemma matrix and include the following explanation—double-space your narrative—below the matrix: a. Why I chose the dilemma; b. Why I chose the three principles; and c. An analysis of the research used to identify the actions in the matrix. The completed matrix allows you to weigh the different issues involved and assign a rank as to the importance of the actions based on the effect on the stakeholders. 3. Submit the matrix for grading in your Assignments Folder. 4. Indicate appropriate APA reference citations for all sources. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your assignment should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style. This assignment is directly related to Paper-B2 below. The issue identified in this assignment will be used in B 2 Assignment. Make sure you read the B2 assignment below so that you understand the relationship prior to starting B1. Normative Ethics List Autonomy: the duty to maximize the individual’s right to make his or her own decisions. Beneficence: the duty to do good both individually and for all. Confidentiality: the duty to respect privacy of information and action. Equality: the duty to view all people as moral equals. Finality: the duty to take action that may override the demands of law, religion, and social customs. Justice: the duty to treat all fairly, distributing the risks and benefits equally. Non-maleficence: the duty to cause no harm, both individually and for all. Understanding/Tolerance: the duty to understand and to accept other view points if reason dictates doing so is warranted. Publicity: the duty to take actions based on ethical standards that must be known and recognized by all who are involved. Respect for persons: the duty to honor others, their rights, and their responsibilities. Showing respect others implies that we do not treat them as a mere means to our end. Universality: the duty to take actions that hold for everyone, regardless of time, place, or people involved. This concept is similar to the Categorical Imperative. Veracity: the duty to tell the truth. Ethical Dilemma Matrix: Ethical dilemma: Stakeholders 1 2 3 4 Step 1: Identify the ethical dilemma based on one of the broad categories  identified. An example (following here) might be to falsify your personal profile in a social networking site. Step 2: Identify the stakeholders involved. You, someone who reads your personal profile in a social network site, potential employers, etc. Be sure that each stakeholder category is unique and not similar to another category you use. Step 3: Choose any three of the principles that might apply such as autonomy, publicity, and veracity. Step 4: identify how the dilemma affect each stakeholder based on the principles you identified. Put this statement in the matrix next to the stakeholder. See example, next page- For example: Ethical dilemma: falsifying your profile on a social networking site Stakeholders Autonomy Publicity Veracity 1: You You have the duty to maximize the right to make your own decisions. You have the duty to take actions based on ethical standards that must be known and recognized by all who are involved. You have the duty to tell the truth 2:Other users of the networking site They have the duty to make their own decisions They make these decisions based on ethical standards that should be recognized by the person falsifying their profile They assume that the person falsifying the profile has the duty to tell the truth. 3: The social networking site The autonomy of the site is limited by law (Goldman, 2007)  Users of social networking sites are content publishers, as such the site must take actions based on legal and ethical standards and must notify users of these standards so they are known by all. As providers of content the site must conform to the laws regarding truth or be held responsible for  legal issues as defamation (making harmful false statements about someone else) or copyright infringement. (Goldman, 2007) 4 Goldman, E. (May, 2007). Social Networking Sites and the Law. Retrieved from http://www.ericgoldman.org/Resources/socialnetworkingsitesandthelaw.pdf

The Mystery Of Inspector Goole Essays

The Mystery Of Inspector Goole Essays The Mystery Of Inspector Goole Paper The Mystery Of Inspector Goole Paper Essay Topic: Literature The inspector is a strange character and this is shown throughout the play in several situations. An inspector should talk to people with courtesy and respect, especially to the Birlings as they are respected and upheld members of the public. The inspector however, does not and proceeds to interrogate them in a very peculiar manner. It appears as the inspector does have manners at first when he enters but as the play develops he has no respect for any of them. This asks the question that although the inspector may be new surely he should know the simple procedure of interrogation and how to behave and respond to people. So why could it be that the inspector has this mysterious and bewildering side to him? He is far too inquisitive and upfront with everyone he speaks to. Why could this be? Could he be an impostor? Or is he something more. The inspector leaves under very strange circumstances and you think now more of it because the Birlings have not committed any known offences and therefore cannot be charged with anything. However at the end Gerald seems to think he has it all figured out, that the inspector was merely an impostor and then they phone the infirmary to see if any girls had come in and died through swallowing disinfectant. The infirmary is sure that no one has been taken in. Then the telephone rings sharply and Birling answers. He tells everyone that a girl has just died through swallowing strong disinfectant and a police inspector is on his way over to ask some questions. This I imagine scares them all terribly and would make anyone reading or observing the play wonder whether the inspector was a paranormal being. No one knows that the inspector is an impostor at the start but as the play draws on it does seem to become apparent that he could be an impostor or maybe something else. There is no way anyone could have known about the incident, which was due to happen with Eva Smith. There is a possibility that the inspector may not be as real as the other people because he does not have a drink when offered by Birling and would not let anyone touch the pictures he had in his pocket, which could mean two things. He may either not want anyone to touch them or not want a drink because of his given reason, he was on duty or they dont exist and nor does he. However there are other theories as to what or who the inspector is. From background information I have found out that Priestly was extremely interested in fourth dimension and time. So could the inspector have been something from a time paradox or slip. The inspector could equally be a representation of justice. He may not be a real person but a representation of the truth and it merely takes this to bring out the truth from all the people interrogated. This is an extremely plausible answer because the inspector gets extremely emotional about certain things and a real inspector would not let this happen to himself regardless of how emotional a case may be. Once again we come to respect and how the inspector presents himself and reacts and acts with the Birlings. He shows a complete lack of respect for them that again puts forward the idea that the inspector may be an impostor. In conclusion I think that the inspector is a partially real person. I believe he may be a form of ghost or angel representing the truth and does exist but only in the form that you can see or touch him and he touch you but not you touch him. The time paradox would be a more plausible answer but who knows that they exist where as we have back up that angels are supposed to be out there somewhere watching us and maybe this angel of truth was Eva Smiths and had to justify the truth and how she dies rather than letting her die with no one knowing and no one caring.

KRAUS Surname Meaning and Family History

KRAUS Surname Meaning and Family History The last name Kraus is a descriptive German surname meaning with curly hair, from the Middle High German krus, meaning curly. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  KRAUS, KRAUß, KRAUSS, KRAUßE, KRAUSSE, KRUSE, KRAUSE Famous People with the Kraus  Surname Adolph Kraus  - Jewish leader and lawyerCharles A. Kraus  - American chemistGertrud Kraus  - pioneer of modern dance in IsraelHans Werner-Kraus  - German U-boat commanderJoseph Martin Kraus  - classical composerGeorg Melchior Kraus  - German painter Where is the Kraus  Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Kraus  surname is most common in Germany, where it ranks 52nd in the nation, followed by Austria (95th), Luxembourg (170th), and Czech Republic (199th). Krause with the e, however, is even more popular in Germany- coming in as the 27th most frequent surname. WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates a similar distribution, with the greatest percentage of individuals named Kraus  in Germany, followed by Austria and Luxembourg. German surname distribution maps at Verwandt.de show Kraus as most common in southeastern Germany in areas such as Forchheim and Augsburg, while Kraus is much more frequent in northwestern and western Germany, around Hannover and Recklinghausen. Genealogy Resources for the Surname KRAUS Meanings of Common German Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Kraus  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Kraus  family crest or coat of arms for the Kraus surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.The Kraus/Krause  DNA Surname Project: Individuals with the Kraus  surname or variants such as Krause are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about ancient Kraus family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.KRAUS  Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Kraus  ancestors around the world.FamilySearch - KRA US  Genealogy: Explore over 1.1  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Kraus surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. KRAUS  Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Kraus  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com - KRAUS  Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Kraus.GeneaNet - Kraus  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Kraus  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Kraus  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Kraus  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.

Anti-Periplanar Conformation Definition

Anti-Periplanar Conformation Definition Two of the terms you may encounter in organic chemistry are anti-periplanar and syn-periplanar. Both refer to the geometry of chemical bonds in a molecule. Anti-Periplanar Definition Anti-periplanar refers to a periplanar conformation where the dihedral angle between two atoms or groups of atoms is   between  ±150 ° and 180 °. In texts, anti-periplanar means bonds are anti-coplanar. The image shows butane (C4H10) in a syn-periplanar conformation where the two methyl groups (-CH3) are lined up with a 180 ° angle. Syn-coplanar is related to anti-periplanar. The dihedral angle between the atoms or groups is between  ±30 °Ã‚  and the groups are both on the same side of the plane as each other. Sources Eliel, Ernest; Wilen, Samuel; Mander, Lewis (September 1994).  Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: Wiley-Scientific.Kane, Saul; Hersh, William (1 October 2000). Periplanar or Coplanar?. Journal of Chemical Education. 77 (10): 1366.

The Influence of the Nazi Party. East vs.West Germany. Aftermath of Essay

The Influence of the Nazi Party. East vs.West Germany. Aftermath of the Collapse of Communism - Essay Example Hitler’s authoritative nature and commanding abilities helped him to tackle the problems that resulted due to his dictatorship. The late 1900’s witnessed a series of events which brought about a complete change to the country as well as the governmental policies. (Wollenberg, 1996). Due to this, the German societies felt a sense of fear, since the people of all strata were affected by the political changes. Hitler and his party was able to takeover many industrial establishments and other army camps and this in turn drew the attention of many countries. Apart from all the other reformations, the territorial expansion of Germany and the Persecution of Jews were the ones that created a wave of fear among the other countries. Hitler’s aversion towards the Jews led to a situation where he reformed the policies which treated Jews as people from other countries and they were never given an opportunity to establish their citizenship in Germany. (Beckers, 2003). Hitler c ontinued his commanding movement against the Jews by taking over the businesses from them and treating them like slaves. Jews were not permitted to live in normal places were the German citizens made their living. Instead they were made to stay in a remote place which lacked in even primary and basic facilities. (Lee, 1998). In the later 1940’s, thousands of Jews were killed, as Hitler proposed a shooting order in order to evacuate the Jews. Another most prominent act was the territorial expansion of Germany. The territorial expansion of Germany was initiated years after the First World War. Hitler staged several protests like the ones he implemented in parts of Germany and this was done to threaten the people who lived around Germany to join his army. The Saar region came under Hitler’s control soon after the Versailles Treaty. The German army continued to occupy smaller territories around Germany by invading them. The Nazi party even threatened the government of many places like Austria and brought them under his control. Within a period of six to eight years, Hitler’s government acquired almost all the places that surrounded Germany. His act of threatening the Czechoslovakian government for war pushed them to the extent of surrendering their country and this was approved during the Munich Agreement. (Peery, Berg & Krukones, 2011). Due to the aggressive nature and commanding authority of Hitler, the Nazi party made its presence felt by creating havoc to the neighboring countries by creating a sense of fear. Germany, which was under the control of Hitler, faced greater challenges during the period of Second World War. To be precise, the Second World War led to changes in terms of country’s economic, political and social factors and led to a major reformation, the division of Germany, as East and West. The expansion of Germany during Hitler’s reign brought about a sense of insecurity among the people of Germany. This also sow ed the seeds of enmity and rivalry in the minds of people of other countries. These eventually led to a state where Hitler’s government surrendered after the Second World War. (Ostermann, 2011).During this time, Germany was divided into four major divisions and they were under the control of countries like France, Soviet Union, Great Britain and The United States. This act was not successful and soon the four zones were reformed to be two major zones namely, East and West Germany which was controlled by Soviet Union and United States respectively. These changes brought about changes not only in the political front, but also in the social and economic status. The social inequality and the economic downturn proved to be

Is Kitsch always ironic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is Kitsch always ironic - Essay Example All the above descriptions of Kitsch should be regarded as just part of a greater framework. More specifically, Kitsch can be related with various aspects of modern life with a special reference to art (as already explained above). Current paper examines a particular aspect of Kitsch: Irony. This sense is mostly related with Kitsch as part of the art trends within a particular society. In other words, the relationship between Kitsch and Irony could be developed mainly in the greater field of art. Towards this direction, it is suggested by Hjort et al. (1997, 229) that ‘the very notion of "taste" in art necessitates the existence of "bad taste" and, consequently, bad art; but bad art comes in many varieties and is subject to different kinds of objections; there is sheer technical incompetence, just to begin with (although artistic inability as such is much less fatal than it used to be)’. The above descriptions of Kitsch could be considered as valid only if referring to a rt; in other parts of social and political life Kitsch would be considered to take different format in accordance with the conditions applied on each particular area. As already mentioned above, Kitsch can have many different aspects. In accordance with a definition given by the Dictionary of Art (London, 1998) ‘â€Å"Kitsch† has sometimes been used (for example, by Harold Rosenberg) to refer to virtually any form of popular art or entertainment, especially when sentimental; but though much popular art is cheap and crude, it is at least direct and unpretentious’. In accordance with the above, it is stated by Calinescu (1987, 260) that ‘seen as a lie, a kitsch work implies a close relationship and even a collaboration of sorts between the kitsch-artist and the kitsch-man; the latter wants to be "beautifully" lied to and the former is willing to play the game in exchange for financial gain;

Why it is necessary for HR practitioners to monitor the external macro Essay

Why it is necessary for HR practitioners to monitor the external macro environment - Essay Example The business environment is made up of many such factors that can affect the business in the shot and long term both. Therefore it is important to know and study about these factors and evaluate the changes and their impact on the organization. The external environment is made up of the all the forces present outside the organization that affects or has the ability to affect business’s ability to achieve its objectives. The external business environment is broadly categorized as the micro and macro external environment, the paper focuses on the external macro environment therefore we will discuss about that in detail. External Macro Environment: The external macro environment is made up of factors which are beyond the control of the organization. These include the PESTEL (political, economic, social, environmental and legal) factors. These factors are interlinked and cannot be distinct from each other easily. The effects these factors have on the businesses vary business to bu siness and from time to time. The effect of changes in the macro environment over the business is indirect, that is it affects the business through some changes. However the change in business doesn’t affect the environment in return. ... However the changes in the environment that affects the business occur constantly and they are difficult to predict. (BATES. 2005; KROON. 1995) When we speak about environment and its relationship with human resource management it refers to the combination of factors that influence the working and execution of the HR department. Any function of the organization, as mentioned earlier, cannot work in isolation and are interdependent on a lot of factors internally within the organization and outside the organization too, therefore for smooth operations and decision making it is essential to take into account of these factors which can influence HR polices, procedures and practices. The best framework to study the external macro environment, its components and how they affect the functioning of HR department is by the PESTEL analysis. I will further discuss the possible factors that lie in the PESTEL analysis and influences the HR function. Economic Factors: Economic environment is compo sed of many economic factors like populations, fluctuation in economic and trade cycle, national income, labour market conditions, interest rates and globalization of economy. This is the most important of all the factors prevailing in the environment that affects an organization the most including the HRM function. This could be made evident by the scenario for e.g. when company’s performance in well due to the boom in the trade cycle, it will attract more business and due to increase in business it may need to hire more labour from the market and it might face difficulty in hiring the required labour from the market. To serve the purpose the organization may be willing to pay extra compensations

Logistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics - Research Paper Example Large organizations such as Wal-Mart owe their success from effective product distribution path design that has enabled them to make autonomous sales and to maintain loyalty from its esteemed customers. An effective distribution path ensures that products are available to the customers and that they are easy to access at any given time. Wal-Mart has put a great emphasis on supply chain management to beat the competition that exists within the global markets to maintain its dominance in the business environment. This article seeks to evaluate how Wal-Mart has managed to utilize supply chain management to maintain its relevance in the competitive business market. Wal-Mart is one of the famous retail multinational organizations based in America that has maintained high profits through effective product management and supply. The company has maintained an upward growth its entry into the business market in the year 1969, when it was locally based in America (Stentoft, 2010). Today it has managed to hit the international market and has remained one of the dominant sellers of grocery and food products. Today, this company owns 8500 stores in 15 different countries where it is known by different business names. As Traub (2012) points out, Wal-Mart success emanates from its ability to maintain a smooth path for the flow of its goods and today the company enjoys the privilege of being associated with the most effective channel design strategies in the global market. In essence, Wal-Mart has remained swift and dynamic in adjusting to the changes in market environment as a strategy to infiltrate into the competitive market environment. At its foundation, Wal-Mart started with the objective of providing the public with the goods they need, at the specific time they need them and at the most convenient form for utilization. In this regard, the company had to study the market environment to establish the demand of the people before arriving to the idea of purchasing, process ing and supplying food and grocery products in various forms. Their primary goal was to control its entire operations by maintaining efficient production, transportation, product storage and its distribution, and selling in its product outlets (Bonacich & Wilson, 2005). Consequently, the management applied an integrative approach to coordinate all the processes from the time the raw products were obtained to the time they were sold to the user in the market environment. Apart from cost strategies, management of this company has employed numerous business strategies to coordinate the supply chain to their advantage. One of the strategies that Wal-Mart management has employed to remain competitive in its dominant countries is the use of pricing strategies to ensure that it is capable of supplying its products to distant markets at lower prices than its competitors. Often, the cost of moving products from the point of production to the point of consumption places cost overheads on the final product cost resulting to high priced goods (Stentoft, 2010). The ability of an organization to reduce the transport cost overheads makes it possible for it to reduce the selling cost without having to sacrifice the quality of the product. Wal-Mart maintained low supply cost by eliminating the role of middlemen in the product path. Although middle men play a key role in supplying raw materials and supplying ready products to the customer, they impose a large overhead cost that often

Lizzie Borden Not Guilty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lizzie Borden Not Guilty - Research Paper Example There was a difference in what someone could have had as a profile behind closed doors. Society's perception of the individual was more important for the morality of the situation. All evidence, which was collected before the trial showed that she could have killed her parents as it was circumstantial. She was judged on a legal technicality. The purpose of this paper is to prove you that only one side of this issue can be accepted. Time will be spent explaining the family dynamics, showing the initial interrogation, and the trial. The paper will conclude with the personal assumption that she did not have the psychological profile to be a serial killer. Before 1860 both daughters lived as spinsters in the Borden house. Those who were raised in the rising social and financial class moved out of the area. If a family stayed, their girls only were able to meet working class men, which was a social problem for Victorian women at the turn of the century. Mr. Borden refused to move even tho ugh he had risen to the upper classes of society. He had started as an undertaker and moved up to a business owner. His daughters could not find anyone who corresponded to their social status. At 32, it would be impossible for Lizzie ever to get married (Whiteman). There were many spinsters in their neighborhood who they socialized with. Their father contributed to the dynamics by refusing to refurbish their house with the proper amenities. He refused to connect to the sewer or to the water system. He refused to use anything other than kerosene lamps. (Masterson 38). Lizzie complained to her father constantly about the living conditions. Lizzie was quoted as embarrassed to have friends over to the house. It was an oddity that all the doors of the house were locked with keys. They had previously been burglarized on two different occasions. (Lizzie.com) His daughters had their own private entrance to their rooms and often ate by themselves. Their house appeared to be a maze. Lizzie on ly social life was with the Church's women's group. She also taught at Sunday school. This is somewhat incongruous with her home life. She appeared to be socially accepted because she was allowed to teach at school. She and her sister lived an isolated life without the amenities which they deserved to have. Some say she lived on a yearly stipend but others say she received anything she asked for. Lizzie lived a boring and depressing life with no outlook of it ever improving, a common social problem for New England Upper class women in the 19th century (Roggenkamp 67). Emma also lived under the same roof without any potential for a future. Total frustration was their sort in life. None of them got along with their step-mother or their father. There were always disputes. That particular day, they had all been suffering from food poisoning and the maid had become furious for having to clean the windows in the sweltering heat. More will be said further on about the family dynamics. It w as a common social ethic of the end of the Victorian era (19th century) that women could not possibly have the thought, or the strength to do such a heinous crime. Was she hiding for somebody else or for everybody because of the living conditions? If she knew the guilty person, she eventually could say, if she had to. (Brown Interview) Because of this preconception of the marble like statue of women, she was denied with counsel at her first questioning as she was told she did not need it.(Lizzie.com) At the first

Summary Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Movie Review Example The main problem that gave rise to such a thing was the use of a deputy (by the sheriff investigating the case) to translate what a witness to the crime said. The translator was used because Cortez could not speak in Spanish. The worst part was that the translator himself could not speak Spanish accurately-his inability to distinguish in Spanish between a caballo (horse) and a yegua (mare) leads to the sheriff believing Cortez to be the horse-thief. When the sheriff goes after him with a gun, Cortez rightfully fights back for his life-in the current century, this act of his would be called self-defense. His brother gets shot and killed in this process in the mayhem. Cortez accidentally shoots at the sheriff, killing him. Soon after this occurs, Cortez takes off on horseback and heads for the Mexican border. He is pursued by sheriffs, the renowned Texas Rangers and possess across Texas, all of whom were unable to catch the ‘fugitive’. The longer it takes for them to capture him, the more he is depicted as a hero by the press. Even though he steered cleared of the several traps that his capturers set for him, he eventually turned himself in when he found out that his family had been arrested by the authorities and kept as prisoners. The manhunt lasted for about eleven days. This whole incident results in the devastation of a family and the killing of an innocent man. The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez is an amazing representation by director Robert M. Young of the injustice that Mexican-American workers and citizens in the Southwest suffered at the hands of the Texas Rangers. The director has effectively used the techniques of flashbacks to show the different accounts of what happened. Moreover, it is a bit intriguing to find out the real character of Gregorio Cortez. This is because his role in the story keeps changing from time to time- it all depends on who is telling the story. There is, however, one

Lizzie Borden Not Guilty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lizzie Borden Not Guilty - Research Paper Example There was a difference in what someone could have had as a profile behind closed doors. Society's perception of the individual was more important for the morality of the situation. All evidence, which was collected before the trial showed that she could have killed her parents as it was circumstantial. She was judged on a legal technicality. The purpose of this paper is to prove you that only one side of this issue can be accepted. Time will be spent explaining the family dynamics, showing the initial interrogation, and the trial. The paper will conclude with the personal assumption that she did not have the psychological profile to be a serial killer. Before 1860 both daughters lived as spinsters in the Borden house. Those who were raised in the rising social and financial class moved out of the area. If a family stayed, their girls only were able to meet working class men, which was a social problem for Victorian women at the turn of the century. Mr. Borden refused to move even tho ugh he had risen to the upper classes of society. He had started as an undertaker and moved up to a business owner. His daughters could not find anyone who corresponded to their social status. At 32, it would be impossible for Lizzie ever to get married (Whiteman). There were many spinsters in their neighborhood who they socialized with. Their father contributed to the dynamics by refusing to refurbish their house with the proper amenities. He refused to connect to the sewer or to the water system. He refused to use anything other than kerosene lamps. (Masterson 38). Lizzie complained to her father constantly about the living conditions. Lizzie was quoted as embarrassed to have friends over to the house. It was an oddity that all the doors of the house were locked with keys. They had previously been burglarized on two different occasions. (Lizzie.com) His daughters had their own private entrance to their rooms and often ate by themselves. Their house appeared to be a maze. Lizzie on ly social life was with the Church's women's group. She also taught at Sunday school. This is somewhat incongruous with her home life. She appeared to be socially accepted because she was allowed to teach at school. She and her sister lived an isolated life without the amenities which they deserved to have. Some say she lived on a yearly stipend but others say she received anything she asked for. Lizzie lived a boring and depressing life with no outlook of it ever improving, a common social problem for New England Upper class women in the 19th century (Roggenkamp 67). Emma also lived under the same roof without any potential for a future. Total frustration was their sort in life. None of them got along with their step-mother or their father. There were always disputes. That particular day, they had all been suffering from food poisoning and the maid had become furious for having to clean the windows in the sweltering heat. More will be said further on about the family dynamics. It w as a common social ethic of the end of the Victorian era (19th century) that women could not possibly have the thought, or the strength to do such a heinous crime. Was she hiding for somebody else or for everybody because of the living conditions? If she knew the guilty person, she eventually could say, if she had to. (Brown Interview) Because of this preconception of the marble like statue of women, she was denied with counsel at her first questioning as she was told she did not need it.(Lizzie.com) At the first

Treasure of the Sierra Madre Book versus Film Essay

Treasure of the Sierra Madre Book versus Film - Essay Example This makes the storyline more interesting as it captures the viewers’ attention more. Many screen adaptations and ancillary elements are also culled for the movie (Huston). The elements which are regarded as the factors which led to the oppression of the native Mexicans, establishes and provides a persuasive and unifying theme that is more intense than it is in the novel. This gives an interesting and enriching counterpoint to the story of the main and central characters. The novel depicts a more forceful, unpretentious and sophisticated political awareness than the film. This is because the film mainly focuses on the adventures and forgets about the finer details of the situation. The novel is also easier and more interesting because of Traven’s writing style. He is very straight forward and keen on giving details. This makes the novel to be more convincing and moving than the movie. The detailed portrayal of the Mexican society seemed to be accurate in the novel than in the movie. The parallel between the Mexican oil field workers and the gold prospectors gets shown more clearly in the book. Also in the book one gets an understanding how they came to exist. In the movie’s train robbery scene, the bandits led by Hat, attack the train but they were fought off by the passengers including Howard, Curtin and Dobbs. In the book, Howard, Dobbs and Curtin never met Hat until where he said, â€Å"I don’t have to show you any badges† (Traven 205). When McCormick cheated Curtin and Dobbs of their wages they confronted him. In the novel he pays them without a fight after he discovered that they had intentions to beat him up if he failed to pay up. In the movie they attacked and beat him up before taking the amount of money that he owed them (Huston). This proved that they were honest men as they could have taken whole the money that McCormick had. This scene was the one that made the movie more eventful and interesting.

Plastic Bag Usage Essay Example for Free

Plastic Bag Usage Essay Plastic bags should be banned because they affect the environment in many ways. There are many reason why they should be banned some of the reasons are because sea animals environment died because of this and it makes are oceans dirty. And I am going to tell you why plastic bags should be banned. Plastic bags disrupt the environment in a serious way. They get into soil and slowly release toxic chemicals. Plastic bags are affecting the environment because animals eat them and often choke and die. Plastic bags end up in landfills or floating around in the environment. It takes hundreds of years for plastic bags to decompose and while they do they release toxins into our soil, lakes, rivers, and oceans. A way to reduce plastic use is to never litter and always dispose of trash properly. Plastic absorb, toxic chemicals, which can be dangerous to fish and other sea life that ingest them. Plastic bags pollute our oceans and kill sea turtles in particular. They are often mistaken for food by dolphins, whales, and sea birds. Plastic bags cause over 100,000 sea turtles and other animal deaths every year nearly 90 % of the debris in our ocean is plastic. We could reduce plastic usage by recycling plastics whenever possible. Plastic debris affects wildlife, human health, and the environment. Petroleum is required to produce plastic bags. Petroleum produce are diminishing and getting more expensive because we have used this non-renewable resource increasingly. Plastic bags are a huge waist and a huge polluter to our oceans. Some cities have taxed plastic bags or even banned them. People want plastic bags to get banned because they are polluting the ocean. People think that banning plastic bags will make oceans cleaner. Plastic bags should be banned because they affect the environment and many ways. They should be banned because sea animals choke on them. They should be banned because animals are going extinct. I think if plastic bags are banned there will be less extinct to sea animals and the oceans will be cleaner.

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education

Collective Responsibility For Learning And Education It is often heard that two brains are better than one. And the idea of such makes perfect sense. One would suppose that by working together, more will be accomplished. But does this apply to a school, its administrators and teachers, and its students? As stated in this article, data was provided, hypotheses were assumed, and studies were completed to see if, in fact, collective responsibility does have promising impacts. Throughout the course of this essay, the importance of collective responsibility within a school and its effects on gains in achievement for early secondary school students will be examined, tested, and discussed. What is collective responsibility? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy refers to collective responsibility as a shared responsibility (Smiley, 2005). This definition is displayed similarly in a school. Collective responsibility is all members of the school (including but not limited to administrators, teachers, counselors) accepting responsibility for the students success or lack thereof. Authors Valerie E. Lee (an associate professor of education at the University of Michigan) and Julia B. Smith (an assistant professor of education administration and school reform at the University of Rochester) conducted an experiment to determine if the organization of teachers work influences students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This study focused on three theories: the before mentioned collective responsibility for student learning, staff cooperation, and control over classroom and school work conditions (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article states that it is important for a secondary school to bur eaucratically distribute knowledge into partitions with each group having its own set of experts. For example, teachers would undertake the role of knowledge experts. With this, teachers will be cooperating amongst one another in order to improve upon past teaching methods in hopes gaining student achievement. These educators will not only benefit from face to face interaction with their colleagues, but they will also take part in teamwork. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Lastly, the authors of this article believe that distributing control will produce more effective decision makers as teachers. This idea of empowerment suggests that decision making over resources, technical skills, and curriculum knowledge be handled properly by administrators and teachers. While there is no known relationship between teacher control and student outcome, there is a connection between teacher control and his or her attitude about his or her efficiency in the classroom. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The article sta tes, empowering teachers would induce commitment, and commitment would in turn influence student learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). To understand more about collective responsibility, a study was completed to focus on the shared boundary between teachers, students, and schools (Lee and Smith, 1996). The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between teachers work lives and the extent to which their students learn. Three hypotheses were presumed relating to the following subjects: responsibility and demographics, the teacher and his or her work life, and the teachers work life and equity. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The first hypothesis suggested that schools where teachers assume responsibility for learning enroll students who typically do better in school (Lee and Smith, 1996). These schools are said to be those with more privileged students according to their race, social class, or ability. Understandably, teachers would be more likely to accept acknowledgment for their students achievements if they are learning well. Conversely, teachers would be less like to accept blame for their students failures and pass the responsibility onto the children and their families. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The second hypothesis theorized that in schools where teachers take more respons ibility for the results of the teaching students learn more. In schools characterized by high levels of staff collaboration and teacher control, students also learn more. (Lee and Smith, 1996). And the third hypothesis suggested that features of teachers work live may either facilitate or debilitate the learning of disadvantaged students. Specificallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ high levels of responsibility for learning are associated with learning that is equitably distributed within the school according to students social background. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These hypotheses were tested. Following are detailed descriptions of the method used to conduct this study. The sampling design was derived from a sample used in the first and second waves of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) (Lee and Smith, 1996). NELS:88 was sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and is an all-purpose analysis of United States students and schools. The article discloses that one thousand middle grade schools (about 25 students in the eighth grade from each school) were tested in 1988. These same students (tracked through questionnaires) were tested again in 1990. (Lee and Smith, 1996). This sample included all NELS sophomores the fit the following criteria: Students must have full cognitive test data from the base year and the first follow up, Data must be available from their high schools and their teachers, Students had to be enrolled in public, Catholic, or elite private high schools, and Students must have been attending high school with at least four other NELS sampled students. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the conditions were applied, 11,692 students from 820 different schools were studied. These schools consisted of 650 public schools, 68 Catholic schools, and 47 independent schools. (Lee and Smith, 1996). There were also certain criteria for the teachers of the students. In the base year the teacher sample was comprised of either the eighth graders mathematics or science teacher and either the English or social studies teacher (Lee and Smith, 1996). The teachers were subject-matched when the students reached the tenth grade in the first follow up according to the base year. Below is a pie chart of how the subjects mathematics, science, English, and social studies were distributed as a major subject area amongst the teachers. (Lee and Smith, 1996). Four measures were assessed as part of the teachers professional community. They are 1) collective responsibility for student learning, 2) the standard deviation of teachers responsibility for student learning, 3) cooperation and support among teachers and administrators, and 4) teacher control. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The outcomes from the base test and the follow up test were altered with item response theory (IRT) methods and ultimately compared to see the difference between the two tests. This difference was referred to as the gain score.. In science and social studies, the outcomes were equal from the base test to the follow up test. However, in mathematics and English, the follow up tests had to be adjusted to fit the students capabilities. Demographic measures included the students social class, minority status, and gender and the schools average social class, minority concentration, ability level, academic emphasis, and sector. (Lee and Smith, 1996). The analytic approach provided a descriptive analysis of teachers work lives. The schools were grouped into three categories: 1) high levels of collective responsibility for learning, 2) average levels of collective responsibility for learning, and 3) low levels of collective responsibilities for learning, based on the standard deviation above, within, or below the mean. (Lee and Smith, 1996). After the research had been completed, the results were presented. To understand the results, one must observe the tables presented in the article. When considering the descriptive differences among students in schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for student learning, note that the students are categorized into three groups based upon the levels of collective responsibility structure throughout the school they are attending: high-responsibility, average responsibility, and low responsibility (Lee and Smith, 1996). The students attending high responsibility schools calculate to a total of 1,226 students, or 10.5%, while the students attending average responsibility schools is a much greater total of 8,801 students, or 75.3%. Lastly, students attending low responsibility schools fall between high responsibility schools and average responsibility schools with 1,665 students, or 14.2%. (Lee and Smith, 1996). These outcomes can be found in table one in the article. Table two in the article display information regarding descriptive differences among schools with differing levels of collective responsibility for learning (Lee and Smith, 1996). Again, the levels of collective responsibility are sorted into three groups: schools with high levels of collective responsibility, schools with average levels of collective responsibility, and schools with low levels of collective responsibility. The number of schools filed in the high levels of collective responsibility is 134, or 16.3%, whereas the number of schools sorted into the average levels of collective responsibility is a significantly larger number of 548 schools, or 66.9%. The schools with low levels of collective responsibility rest slightly higher than those with high levels but considerably lower than those with average levels of collective responsibility at 138 schools, or 16.8%. The tables go on to show that

Duties of Fidelity Essay -- Business, Duties of Reparation

Ross prima facie duties speak of fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, non- maleficence and self-improvement. Even though Ross has explained each duties, it is still uncertain that how these duties can be implied in marketing activities. If we look at each duty, it is not easy to implement every duty in a situation unless it demands so. One has a prima facie duty (not) to do a certain action if and only if there is some moral demand for one (not) to do it (Baumrin, 1965). Therefore in order to execute these duties, understanding the circumstances is very important. It is understood that prima facie duties are expressions referring to a characteristic by certain individual act-tokens rather than by certain act-types (Atwell, 1978). A sense of which duties are towards the bottom of the scale and which duties are towards the top is to be made sure in order to achieve every duty (Robinson, 2010). Duties of fidelity are the duty of keeping up promises. The company should not promise anything to their customers that they cannot execute. Promise can be anything related to product quality, size, etc. Breaking a promise can bring down the value for the products as there will be no trust for the products in the market. Keeping up promises will encourage the customers to buy the product. According to prima facie duties, one cannot be blamed if he undertakes to make the right choice but it does not produce a good act (Meyers, 2009). Duties of reparation are only essential when one cannot keep up the promise or when unintentional mistakes happened. If the product is damaged then the product is to be recalled and repaired or new products have to be issued to the customers. Cash Payments can also be made fo... ...tilitarian can increase the costs for the company but they are responsible to do so because, the fault is not caused by customers. Whether a person’s action is morally justifiable, is a deontological question; whether the act is good is ultimately a consequentiality question (Meyers, 2009). According to my point of view what Maruti Suzuki did was correct but these faults are not supposed to be happened from a company like these. Instead of repairing faulty cars new cars is to be provided immediately when they recalled faulty ones. Also they should have taken additional efforts to help customers when they were waiting for their car to get repaired. They should have given bonus packages to their customers for the mistake happened. Even though it can add total cost for the company, it can support them in maintaining their customers and good will in the market.

Chinese government Essay

Ai WeiWei blurred the lines between the aesthetic and the political. According to the internet, aesthetic is defined as concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. Ai WeiWei used art to â€Å"protest† against the Chinese government. Ai Weiwei was a creative man who thought of ideas how to represent the names of all the children who were killed in a deadly earthquake. A commentator in the movie claimed that Ai WeiWei was doing a job that the government should be doing. A deadly earthquake collapsed many buildings including homes and schools. Thousands of children were killed and were left unrecognized. Ai WeiWei wasn’t going to let this go. He assembled a project, full of volunteers to help him search for the names of the children who were killed in the disaster. He placed every individual name on his wall. The project inspired him to create more pieces of art work to revolt against the Chinese government. Ai WeiWei was a fearless man. Ai WeiWei was very involved with social media. He used twitter to share to the world how corrupt China’s government was. He left China when he said â€Å"Fuck You Mother Land. † Cameras are sometimes forbidden in China. Ai WeiWei was assaulted by a police officer, but that did not stop him from taking pictures in front court houses or of an officer who was at the scene when he was attacked. Ai WeiWei created a wall full of back packs to make other individuals aware of the children that died in the earthquake. During the 2nd anniversary, Ai WeiWei asked his followers to pick a name and record it on tape and share it to the world. Ai WeiWei was sharing his experience in China of the corrupt government with thousands of people around the world. Ai WeiWei made people aware of what was going on in China. Ai WeiWei became well-known through his work of art. He expressed his ideas through his work. Not only did his art make him well-known, Ai WeiWei captured many supporters to revolt against the corrupt system. Ai WeiWei was a man with no selfishness. He looked out for others and he was always looking and searching for ideas that would help him and his followers. Ai WeiWei was not afraid of the consequences, as long as he knew it was for the good.

Sales Management and Personal Selling Essay

To address your immediate need from Kendrick Foundation Company (‘KFC’) for a price quote on Curl Metal Cushion Pads (Cushion pads or ‘CMCP’), it would be beneficial to establish a proper pricing strategy. It may also be beneficial to not only consider the short term, but also the potential long term pricing strategy for future consumers as well. To estimate the value price or price premium, it is advisable to keep in mind perceived value added propositions for your consumer. Also, as with most products, it is meaningful to perform a margin analysis based on potential pricing to customers to determine profitability of the overall product venture. Last but not least, external competition should also be considered as a factor on your product price. First, based on the information given, relative pricing analysis can be performed utilizing information from consumer purchases of conventional pads. Based on the price paid for the conventional pads for each projec t, it can be assumed the customer is willing and able to pay comparable pricing for CMCP (assuming the same benefits are created for users). A higher value price can be created by emphasizing the additional features or benefits of utilizing CMCP versus the conventional pads. The main additional features include more efficient pile driving time and less required time for change (overall less labor utilized), this value proposition can be estimated based on labor cost savings. In addition, CMCP are generally safer than the conventional pad, while the measurement of this value/benefit may be harder to measure, it is yet another selling point that could increase the price premium the customer is willing to pay for CMCP. For purposes of having a measurable pricing strategy, the focus of this analysis is on labor time savings. Assuming the average cost per Real Hour is $63/Hour for labor (HBS – Curled Metal Inc – Table A), and the willingness to pay for the material itself is same as what the customer paid for the conventional pads, the additional benefit from labor time saved (utilizing conventional pad as bench mark) can be considered cost savings to customers therefore, addition to customer perceived value. Table 1 – Revenue Analysis exhibits the cost to customer  for purchases of conventional padding (project based), this cost plus the labor cost savings switching from conventional pads to CMCP translates to an estimated per unit customer value price for CMCP. With comparable data collected for the two test customers, the estimated value pricing is $765/pad (based on selling 6 pad sets) and $1,392/pad (based on selling 5 pad sets) for size 11  ½, and $339/pad (based on selling 6 pad sets) for size >11  ½ Inch. This is evident of the upward price we can charge the customers, also, a differentiated price can be based on volume sold per set. To continue the flow of the discussion and to be conservative, we will assume the remaining discussion pertains to selling sets of 6 or at the $765/Unit (11  ½ Inch pad price) and $339/Unit (>11 1/2 Inch pad price). Second, margin analysis is necessary to determine profitability based on the aforementioned customer value pricing. Table 2 – Cost/Margin Analysis calculates the profitability per unit for short term (250 Units Production) and long term (500 Units Production), this analysis utilizes the estimated perceived value calculation along with prior information provided (HBS – Curled Metal Inc – Exhibit 6). Analysis is performed for the most popular sizing – 11  ½ inch pad, along with two other product lines to expand the production consideration. Result of the analysis concludes the 11  ½ product is most profitable among the three products. In regards to your consideration of whether to expend $150K on permanent tooling, based on our analysis, it does result in higher profit margin than using your original equipment. However, this is given that there is enough customer demand to cover the cost of the additional tooling. Lastly, based on the analysis, COGS will also decrease as production increases even with the additional spend for equipment (comparison of 500 units vs. 250 units produced). With uncertainty on market demand, and with limited resources on marketing research efforts, I would advise you to hold off on permanent tooling purchase until demand is more certain. Third, competitors and substitutable products could have an impact on product price. Since CMCP is the first of its kind to enter the market, you will have first mover advantage, however, competitors could enter the market with a similar product and additional pricing strategies, such as rebates/discounts or changes to list price may need to be considered. While it is not a huge concern during product launch period, it should something to be cognizant of  in case the product proves to be profitable. Further analysis should be performed to ensure maximum customer price value is captured. Based on the aforementioned information, I would suggest focusing efforts on the 11  ½ inch CMCP and charging the customers upwards of $765/Unit (based on selling sets of 6 pads) and $1,392/Unit (based on selling sets of 5 pads). In the short run, I would advise not to purchase the additional permanent tooling cost until there is more certainty around the demand for the product. In the long run, with proven sales records, the company can benefit from additional operational efficiencies from higher volume production. If you have any further questions regarding this, please do not hesitate to reach out to me.

Case Study for North Country Auto

Case Study for North Country Auto, Inc. North Country Auto, Inc. was a franchised dealer and factory-authorized service center for Ford, Saab, and Volkswagen. The company maintains its competitiveness by providing full services to its customers. For customers looking for a car, the North Country Auto not only provided options for new cars from those three brands, but also provided options to buy used cars from it. In addition, for customers with cars, the company can provide a variety of services to their car, such as service and repair under warranty or at the customers’ expenses. Example service and repair work are quick oil change, auto repair, the body shop work and auto parts supply. Recently, the company adapted a new control system as a strategy to improve its sales and increase its profit. There were five departments within North Country Auto: the new car department, the used car department, the service department, the parts department and the body shop. Originally, these five departments operated as part of one business. And the performance of each department was not individually evaluated. Under the new control system, all five departments operated as an individual profit center. The owner assumed that, by doing this, all managers of the five departments would be encouraged to increase their departments’ profit so as to have better evaluation and better income. However, under this new control system, there were still problems needed to be dealt with, because the business conducted by these departments affected each other. In this case, if one department tried to maximize its profit, it may affect the profit of other departments. For example, when the new car department manager tried to sell a new car, he would offer a very high trade-in price for the customer’s used car so as to attract the customer. If this high trade-in cost was allocated to other departments, it would be unavoidable that the cost of those departments would increase and their profit would decrease. Therefore, the questions raised from this case would be: should all departments be treated as an individual profit center; and how the transfer price should be set between the departments; as well as how to correctly allocate the cost among different departments. In my opinion, I think the parts department and the body shop should not be considered as the profit centers, since most demands for these two departments were from service department. If these two departments tried to maximize their profit, it would be very difficult for the service department to maintain high profit. In my opinion, the parts department and the body shop should be considered as cost centers. In addition, the transfer price among all departments should be the market price instead of another price determined internally. And any losses on inter-departmental business like trade-ins should be proportionally allocated to three profit centers: the new car department, the used car department and the service department. In addition, under the current control system, the year-end bonus of each department manager was based on his/her department’s performance. The profit to be evaluated was the department’s gross profit instead of its net profit. This evaluation method may encourage all managers to focus on selling activities only. They may ignore other important responsibilities such as cost control or reduction, as well as inventory control. Therefore, I think the evaluation for each department’s performance should be based on the net profit. This would encourage the managers to be responsible for overall cost control and profit-making.

Manifest Destiny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Manifest Destiny - Essay Example The increase in population of the initial 13 Colonies and the growth of the United States economy increased the desire to grow into additional land. The Manifest Destiny concept tremendously influenced the United States policy. This enhanced the American expansion to the West. The idea was largely put forward by posters, newspapers and other avenues. Despite the fact that it was not a formal policy of the government, it facilitated the passing of legislations like the Homestead Act, which promoted colonization and acquisition of areas in the West (Robinson 2010, 21). Additionally, the idea was a factor in the thought of America. Movement into the West regions provided a prospect for self development. To be familiar with the concept of Manifest Destiny, it is essential to comprehend the desire and need of the United States to expand. This paper will look at how issues around it affected the U.S, how the views of Americans on the issue changed over the period, and will also mention some events as examples. John OSullivan, a U.S newspaper editor writing on the planned occupation of Texas, was the first to use the term in 1845. He asserted that it was America’s â€Å"manifest destiny to spread to the whole continent.† The newspaper issue recommended that through expanding, America could turn out to be a renowned superpower. According to OSullivan, United States had been exclusively selected for the mission of Westward expansion. This would push out the wilderness and bring civilization. Between independence and 1920, the government passed land laws that were favorable for people to migrate. The federal government also persuaded people from Europe to come and inhabit. It used the military to protect the settlers from natives. It further put money into explorations, such as that of Clark and Lewis. Wherever there was sufficient water, homesteading was practiced by people from the Midwest to the Pacific regions. Cheap and available land,

Issue of gender inequality from a global perspective Essay

Issue of gender inequality from a global perspective - Essay Example Again, the focus of how the media covers the improvement of women will be aimed at presenting those 'general' variables that apply across all cultures, and education will be presented as one of the most important ways toward female emancipation. Finally, and in keeping with the economic focus, the solution driven approach will be examined from the US perspective over and against that of the rest of the world. Given that both health care and education are institutions that have had a very measurable positive impact, the question emerges as to whether these should be state or private? In terms of economics, the problems and the solutions will be examined with a particular central focus on fiscally driven themes. However much there is a lot of legislation and many institutions that function to challenge discrimination in the US, discrimination is nonetheless a problem. From the beginning's of US history, and to the present time, there has been a marked progress toward creating the insti tutions and legislation that promotes equality across social classes, race or visible minority barriers, barriers created by disabilities, and finally, the issue which will be the focus of the following analysis, namely, discrimination on the basis of gender. This said, progress toward gender inequality has been a long struggle. In the twentieth century, for example, the right to vote for women was established in 1919 or well after the right to vote was given to men. Further, the most significant acts or legislation for promoting equality, were really only passed in the 1960's. Among these, it has to be maintained that the Equal Pay or Equality Act rank as the most significant. While, the legislative or formal area of breaking down discrimination has taken some time, the effects of greater equality are arguably only a fairly recent phenomenon. For instance, in the US at the moment, in over two-thirds of all households women are in the workforce [Bennett and Ellison, 2010]. Further, women are outranking men in education at significant levels, and represent 71% of all valedictorians [Bennett and Ellison, 2010]. However, while there is progress by so many social indicators, they remain largely outsiders at the top of the work chain, so to speak. Moreover, they are still earning less than men for equivalent which means that there is a persisting wage gap in spite of a lot of the progress that has been noted in brief: â€Å"Women in the U.S. may be working more, and in greater numbers, but women are still just 3 percent of Fortune 500 CEOs, and make 77 cents on the dollar† [Bennett and Ellison, 2010]. It cannot be stressed enough that the wage gap for present purposes, has to be understood within some of the perimeters of economics. As a gap measurable or quantifiable, it follows that a tax revenue base is effected as just a single instance where impacts are made well beyond the immediate or surface layer. It cannot be said enough that both the wage gap and the impact of fewer women earning the top salaried jobs in the Fortune 500 boardrooms are economic at least as much as moral issues. In terms of the legal problems involved with systemic discrimination,

Anaesthetic nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anaesthetic nursing - Essay Example A litre bag of Hartman was also started. The spinal anaesthesia was performed in the sitting position at L4/L5 with 2.4mls of bupivacaine 0.5% in hyperbaric dextrose solution of â€Å"Heavy Marcaine†. Immediately following the spinal block, the patient was put back in the supine position, and the operating table altered with left lateral tilt to diminish aorto-caval compression. About 3 minutes later the patient’s blood pressure fell to 103/56mmhg which was the first sign of the effect of spinal anaesthesia. As the medical team was waiting for the spinal to take full effect, the blood pressure further dropped to 86/51mmHg. The patient also complained of nausea and â€Å"not feeling well† and experienced progressive difficulty to breathe. The features that need to be considered are the increasing hypotension that she has suffered, the progressive difficulty in breathing and the nauseous feeling with general unease. sophisticated equipment along with the advantage of developed techniques. Operations are being performed on an ambulatory basis with advanced technologies to meet the demands of a busy environment (Tarkkila 2007). Providing anaesthesia without complications ensures a high degree of satisfaction. However the potential risk is a failure of spinal anaethesia due to incorrect needle placement unlike the other anaesthetic methods where the risk of failure is low. Haemodynamic complications are also possible. Hypotension is one such event which occurs due to the cardiovascular side effects (Tarkkila 1991). The hypotension is a normal physiological effect but it can turn into a complication if the level falls low enough to cause problems. The blood pressure at which interventions are necessary to correct the hypotension has not been decided yet. Clinical judgement by the anaesthesiologist is the method to decide the point to intervene (Tarkkila 2007). Spinal anaesthesia produces a fast, effective and high quality sensory and motor block of the

Music and Childhood Development Literature review

Music and Childhood Development - Literature review Example At this age, they can use their sense organs to coordinate to actions although not in a systematic manner. Music, according to these researchers contributes to a child’s growth. Rhythm is an essential in childhood development as the child first hears the mother’s heartbeat at the prenatal environment (Campbell and Scott-Kassner, 156). Rhythm can be witnessed in the movements infants make with others or alone. According to Chau and Riforgiate’s research, listening to music has two impacts. One is what the children learn from listening, and the other is how listening to particular forms of music impact the child’s development outside music environment. Researches conducted show the ability of children to understand different sounds from instruments in different families and also different instruments within same instrument family (Chau and Riforgiate, 5). The research shows children between the ages of 3 to 7 years able to differentiate between different ins truments as per size, as well as pitch. Children between the ages of 3 to 4 years could differentiate various musical families but could not differentiate instruments in the same family. This shows how music affects childhood development at different stages. Another research article by Levinowitz argues that early childhood is the duration of quick change and development. The research argues that even the youngest infant can receive music and discriminate it according to differences in frequency, melody and stimuli. Music at this stage is as important to the child as babbling is, when the child tries to talk. Claudia Gold, another researcher, argues that music affects how the brain of a child works. She proves there is scientific evidence that music influences children... According to the above research articles and books, music has come out to have effect on the growth of children. The sensitive early years of children contribute much to their future behaviors. The researches have shown that children who get exposed to music at their early ages perform better in other fields than those that have no exposure on music. This is an evidence of the impacts that music has on childhood development. Music opens up a child’s mind in their early days, and it completely affects their lives in the future. This report makes a conclusion that a journal of neuroscience published a study that suggests that musical training before the age of seven affects how children think. This is a report, according to the Science Daily. The research shows that ages between six and eight years are sensitive such that their listening to music affects the development of the mind. The ability of a child to play a musical instrument comes from the ability of the mind to coordinate with the body. The effect of music in children’s minds is evident from early ages because it affects how children think, and the effect follows the children’s activities. Many successful musicians, according to Turner, come from families which practiced music together at home. These families have generational traditions in music. This contributes to how children grow. Sibal presents research conducted by The International Foundation of Music Research, which finds that babies are aware of music, and can respond to it and different sounds inside their mothers’ wombs.

Mcdonaldization and it's effect on globalization Essay

Mcdonaldization and it's effect on globalization - Essay Example Therefore, the process of McDonalization obliviously predates the starting and the proliferation of McDonald’s restaurant. The system of McDonald and the standard on which it spread so successful across the world is a representation of the example of modern development of rationalization. Whereas the fast food restaurant is the paradigm of the McDonaldization process, the process by now has affected many if not all of the social structures as well as institutions in the US. The same has penetrated many countries across the world. Therefore, the term ‘McDonaldization’ is not limited to just the fast food industry or the US. Instead, it refers to far reaching distinctive process of social change (Ritzer, 121). The model of McDonalization has been used well beyond the industry of fast food restaurant and even daily intake to such disparate phenomenon as higher education, vegetarianism, theme parks, southern fork art and politics. This process is a wide social development. Not all systems are the same as McDonalization which may be a matter of extent, with some situations being more McDonalized than others. Nevertheless, few modern social situations or institutions have managed to escape its impact altogether (Ritzer, 105). The relevance of the thesis of McDonalization to the issue of globalization ought to be apparent, both explicitly and implicitly. It asserts that social systems in the modern society are increasing in McDonalization and more so, that the fundamental principles of efficiency, predictability, accountability and control by the replacement of nonhuman for human technology that undergird it have been brought in from America to most of the rest of the world. This is to the degree that these principles have been adopted and turned to be defining characteristics of institutions in other countries and it can be stated that they are undergoing the process of McDonaldization (Richland WA

Academic degree Essay Example for Free

Academic degree Essay The different Definitions of education are misinterpreted in different ways, but there are still ways that you can interpret what you think the definition is on education. Education is to be able to find your own path. To have a high school diploma or to have a college degree, education is to be successful in your life in whatever way that is. Trying to define education is like trying to define why the sky is the color it is or why the grass is green, there is no accurate definition of education to me. Education can mean more than one thing having a college degree but also can mean not having a college degree. Being educated to me means to be successful in your life, just because you do not have a college degree doesn’t mean you will not go far in your life or make a good amount of money. People make it seem as if you don’t have a decent degree you will just work at a fast food restaurant. If someone were to ask me what it meant to be educated I wouldn’t be able to give them an answer. My mother Julie, went to the University Of Arkansas were she had completed law school. After completing law school she got a job at JB Hunt being a contract attorney. My father Carlos, who only has a high school diploma but works for a company called South Western Energy and is a company man for two rigs out in Pennsylvania where he is very successful in what he does. I don’t think you have to have a college diploma to be the most educated person around. Do I think you would make more amount of money in certain professions? Yes. Society makes it out to be that you must be admitted to a college to be educated, but really how educated do you have to be, to be admitted into a college. Back in the day it was a lot harder to get into a college, now-a-days you can score a fourteen through a sixteen and easily get into a college and just have to do remediation classes. Being tested for an ACT, SAT, Standardized test to me doesn’t show how educated you really are. Teachers teach you for the chapter they are covering than they either expect you to continue to remember what they taught you or you forget it. On the standardized test or the ACT or SAT there is information that you were taught in younger grades or that you haven’t been taught yet. So technically it really isn’t showing how educated a person may really be. Life its self-offers you an education. This lesson of education is more a hard learning education. ‘The best way to predict your future is to create It. ’- Abraham Lincoln. You are not taught in school how to balance a check book, how to cook, how to pay taxes, or how to do major things in the real world. Sooner or later you will get to the point that you will graduate for high school, get your GED or even drop out, but there will come a time that you will leave your parents’ house, which then you will have to find your own path in the real world. Unless you were taught by your parents or other adults how to balance a check book, how to cook, how to pay taxes, or how to do things in the real world you won’t be an educated person on how to go about life. In life there will be times that you will come to points in life that will you will see how educated you are, or when there is times that you need to speak up or when you need to go ahead and back off from the situation. People are different and learn in many different ways some faster than others and some who remember everything easily or some who forget stuff by the time class is over. Being knowledgeable in one subject and not in the other is that consider too make someone less knowledgeable or less comprehensive than another person. When going through college to earn a degree depending on what we want to major in we aren’t taught certain subjects. When majoring in anything in the medical field you aren’t taught any type of histories because you don’t need to know it. When you want to become a history major you aren’t taught any sciences because you don’t and won’t need them. If someone was to walk up to someone and try and have a conversation with them about a certain subject or ask them for some type of help on a certain subject but the other person isn’t able to have a conversation back because they aren’t taught that subject or haven’t been taught that subject does that make them any less educated than the person asking for help. There will always be some one that is always smarter or believes to be smarter than you, but really how can you tell how smart someone is. Being successful to me is a huge part of being educated. When knowing people who have a good degree and do not do anything with their degree and make bad choices in their life and not care what anyone thinks isn’t a successful and well educated person. When you are living on the streets and have a good degree you could go and find a job even if it means starting at a fast food restaurant and working your way to the top to get a job for what your degree is. It may take time but no reason to just sit around and waste a well-educated mind as society would say. There may be as many definitions as there are defines, but it is important for people to have a clear understand of education in order to be able to define it to other people on what your beliefs are and what it means to be a well-educated person. Lincoln, Abraham. Education Quotes Edgalaxy. Edgalaxy. Techzoo, 2009-2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.

Web 2.0 and web 1.0 Applications

Web 2.0 and web 1.0 Applications 1. WEB 2.0 1.1 THE SOCIAL READ/WRITE WEB AN INTRODUCTION We live in age of information where flow of information is constant and internet plays an important role in this flow of information sharing and exchange. The world is on figure tips due to the advancement in technologies. All this become possible due to World Wide Web which cause to made globe as community. Technology and information become obsolete so quickly. Now we are in era of web 2.0 According to Tim Orielly Web 2.0 is the network as platform, spanning all connected devices; Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most of the intrinsic advantages of that platform: delivering software as a continually-updated service that gets better the more people use it, consuming and remixing data from multiple sources, including individual users, while providing their own data and services in a form that allows remixing by others, creating network effects through an architecture of participation, and going beyond the page metaphor of Web1.0 to deliver rich user experiences (Orielly, 2004). According to Alan smith 2.0 does not show any specific increment in web version its only the way the use of web change (Smith, 2009). Murugesan define Web 2.0 as second phase in the Webs evolution, which attract IT professionals, businesses, and Web users. Further more he writes that Web 2.0 is wisdom Web, people-centric Web, participative Web, and read/write Web (Murugesan, 2007). Web 2.0 is people Power web shows the blogging success, user review, photo sharing (Anderson, 2006) and observe called it gift culture due to users contribution as participation (Mason Rennie, 2007). In learning and teaching process effective evolution of technology, importance of active participation, critical thinking, social presence, collaboration and two way communications are also important (Beldarrin, 2006). Web2.0 provides more effective interaction and collaboration, investigation for the ways of using blogs effectively, wikis, podcasts and social network which also used in education. The main characteristic of these tools called Web 2.0, which shows active participation from user in the content of creation process (Usluel Mazman, 2009). Web 2.0 social networking applications, allows users not only to find out information about others, but also to connect with others through linking to their profiles, joining and creating group, and ability to send public and private messages to their friends for example Face book, MySpace, and sharing with them their happy moments as on Picasa and flicker. It has changed the static information to more active, dynamic and responsive participation, creation and sharing of contents. On the biases of Orielly definition Markus Angermeier created a mind map for web 2.0 which explain the key concepts. These important concepts of Web 2.0 include Usability, Standardization, Design, Remixability, Economy, participation and convergence. Usability is one of the key factors of web 2.0. According to Lewis Web 2.0 applications tend to look more like desktop applications than Web pages: they have simple interfaces with plain colours and no busy patterns, logos, or animation. They provide a richness of Interaction previously found only in desktop applications (Lewis, 2006). He further write about the dynamic content of web 2.0 and information gathering and assembling of information on a single page. The source of information is blogs which are like online diaries, resource sharing which allow users to share their favourite web links and other resource like tags (Lewis, 2006). Example systems include del.icio.us and bibsonomy.org. Web 2.0 fulfils the standardization requirements of (W3C) for applications development and content generation. Design provide rich look and feel with practical user-interface, eye catching appearance and ease of use. Remixability is the facility that Web 2.0 offers where an application can be remixed with different set of other minor applications together to form a new and more interactive application. The introduction of Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX breaks this fixed page based model in several ways. Traditional web sites depend on a page update model where each interaction results in an entire page refresh Web 2.0 applications allow part page updates (Pilgrim, 2008). For example, Google Maps do not require an entire page to be refreshed when the user selects a preferred view. Google system gets the data that lies outside of the edge of the map in frame with out refreshing whole page and allow user to grab the map and drag it without any interruption (Zucker, 2007). Gmail also uses AJAX technology in similar fashion to update the little portion of page when new email arrives (Pilgrim, 2008). 1.2 WEB 1.0 VS WEB 2.0 According to Musser and OReilly (2006) Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internetà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬a more mature, distinctive medium characterised by user participation, openness, and network effects. The main difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 is creation and presentation of content. In Web 1.0 the majority of users acting as consumers of content, while in Web 2.0 user can actively participate in content creation and sharing and there are various technologies available to create the content to its maximum potential. The free nature of Web 2.0 allow users to create exchange and share contents of any kind (text, audio, video) and tag, comment, and link Pages within group or outside the group. A popular improvement in Web 2.0 is mashups, which combine or make content in fresh forms (Cormode Krishnamurthy, 2008). For example, street addresses are linked with a map Web site to visualize the locations. This type of site linkage provides facility to create additional link between records of any database with other database. In web 1.0 people implicitly put links of interesting resources to their personal home pages. HTML form tags spread across entire web with no facility of tag base browsing, search engines were using this text as source of web page to improve the quality of search, it limits the tagging in web 1.0 and which restrict collaborative interaction and collective intelligence of community (Brine Page, 1998). While web 2.0 every one can participate in tagging as it become very easy task and become the key characteristic of portals. Due to the large scale of the tagging community, portals like del.icio.us have accumulated decent annotations in the form of tags for numerous resources. These tags are used for search and navigation and Google AdSenseform easy-to-read summaries for the described resources (Kinsella, et al., 2008) Tim OReilly in his Article What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, 2005 describe the difference of web1.0 and web2.0 as follows: Web1.0 Web2.0 DoubleClick Google AdSense Ofoto Flickr Akamai BitTorrent mp3.com Napster Britannica Online Wikipedia personal websites blogging Evite upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculatio search engine optimization page views cost per click screen scraping Web services publishing participation content management systems wikis directories (taxonomy) tagging (folksonomy) stickiness syndication (Table 1.0 What is Web 2.0: OReilly, 2005) According to Gibson dynamic updates is one of the important characteristic of web2.0 and this is adopted through AJAX technology (Gibson, 2007). Web2.0 websites respond user request such as email checking or instant chatting. Web2.0 applications also provide automatic updates such as stock quotes, sports scores and other information (Gibson, 2007). Mostly news sites like BBC, Sky Newsetc. continuously updating providing instant information. Web2.0 encourages the active participation from the users to access content and interaction with each other on the Web (Pilgrim, 2008). The content of Web 1.0 was read-only and static. Whereas the transformation of web to changed the read-only web to read-write web enabled user active and collaborative participation. The above graph shows that how persistent growth in internet usage according to the facts provided by Internet World Stats with in a decade its usage rise from 361 million to 1650 million users world wide. At the early stages content of web were static in their nature and they are publish for reading purpose there were no interaction between users and user generated content are at ignorable scale. As the number of users raise it change the way of content presentation and publication on internet and users start active participation and involvement in the content and collective intelligence increased through this social read/write web. The change brought by Web 2.0 in content publishing and consumption evidently shows the divergence between static web (web1.0) and dynamic web (web2.0). Web 2.0 provides pages with dynamic content which not only can be read by browsers or readers but with the capability of writing, collaborating and sharing knowledge at the same time. 1.3 WEB 2.0 ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES There are a number of Web 2.0 services and applications available which provide the foundation of Read/Write web. These tools allow users to create, edit and modify the content of information with collaboration. Web 2.0-based communities occupy virtual spaces that are open, self-organizing, adaptive, agile, readily accessible, and easy to use (Sabina Leone, 2009). A Web 2.0 platform has shared design of services to support a collaborative and distributed environment in which users can connect, share, comment and create new content or software tools (Sabina Leone, 2009). Services offered within the Web 2.0 framework offers evolutionary services of the Internet history. To be active on internet firms have no choice but to find out an appropriate role using web2.0. Most major firms, including BMW, IBM, Google, and many others, are positioning them-selves to find their strategic place, appropriate place and fit within these developments (Wigand, Benjamin Birkland, 2008). In todays web we find different type of content. According to Paul Anderson (2007) These include blogs, wikis, multimedia sharing services, content syndication, podcasting and content tagging services. Many of these applications of Web technology are relatively mature, having been in use for a number of years, although new features and capabilities are being added on a regular basis It is worth noting that many of these newer technologies are concatenations, i.e. they make use of existing services. In this section I will discusses about some of the important activities Web 2.0 activities, these are Blogging, Folksonomy and Social Bookmarking, Multimedia Sharing, Social Networking, Podcasting. 1.3.1 BLOGGING The term web-log, or blog, was coined by Jorn Barger in 1997 and refers to a simple webpage consisting of brief paragraphs of opinion, information, personal diary entries, or links, called posts, arranged chronologically with the most recent first, in the style of an online journal (Doctorow et al., 2002). Blogs are also called online diaries which enable users, without requirement of any technical skill, to create, publish and organize their own web pages that contain dated content, entries, comments, discussion etc. in sequential order (Alexander, 2006; Castenade, 2007). People can publish information which they collect from various resources and establish relation between them in blogs. Additionally RSS and the possibility to post comments make blogs also a collaborative and social-interactive software application (Petter et al., 2005). San Murugesan defines blogs a two- way web-base communication tool. Simply it is a website which is used to share thoughts and ideas to leave suggestions and comments. An entry in blog might contain text, image, or link to other blogs and web pages, and possibly the other media related to the topic. Blogs have ability to generate machine readable RSS and Atom feeds it means they could be use to distribute machine readable summaries of contents and provide the facility of searching similar information from different sources (Cayzer, 2004), (Anderson, 2007). Huge number of internet users involved in blogging and they are operating in their own environment. As technology has become more sophisticated, bloggers have begun to incorporate multimedia into their blogs and there are now photo-blogs, video blogs (vlogs), and, increasingly, bloggers can upload material directly from their mobile phones (Anderson, 2007).There are different types and categories of blogs. Such as Arts, Business, Computers and Technology, Education, Entertainment, Food, History, Law, Libraries, Music, Personal, Political, Regional, Sports and finally Web. Blogging software allows three levels of privacy password-protected most private blog; users blog service listed blog most public blog and will be easily found by search engines. An unlisted blog neither fully private nor fully public. Unlisted blog cannot be found without knowing the URL. It could be public only if it contain a link and someone eventually click that link this way these blogs picked by search engines. Since most blogs contain links that anyone might click on, unlisted blogs are not secure, although they may remain relatively invisible if they link to sites that few people access and if the links are not activated (Nardi et al., 2004). Blogging is well known activity which used for online debate and discussions, shared editing, personal communication and networking. In terms of groups, it allows various authors or writers to communicate with others to present their views, opinions and to write for teams, groups and group work. 1.3.2 FOLKSONOMY/TAGGING AND SOCIAL BOOKMARKING A tag is a keyword that is added to a digital object (e.g. a website, picture or video clip) to describe it, but not as part of a formal classification system. One of the first large-scale applications of tagging was seen with the introduction of Joshua Schacters del.icio.us website, which launched the social bookmarking phenomenon (Anderson, 2007). In web 2.0 Folksonomy as a social web service provide facility to users to save and organise online their bookmarks with social annotations or tags. These are high quality descriptors of web pages topics and good indicators of web users interests (Xu, et al., 2004). Social book marking systems share number of common features (Millen et al., 2005), they also provide the facility of tagging these bookmarks and unlike traditional browser-base bookmarks they can be belong more that one category. Tagging is far more beyond then web site bookmarking. Services like Flicker (photos), YouTube (video) and Odeo (podcasts) allow a variety of digital artefacts to be socially tagged (Anderson, 2007). Users contribute not only in posts and articles but also in from of tags which form the metadata of the content which provide valuable information in content search. It also brings benefits of semantic web to current websites which create collaborative tagging or Folksonomy. Del.icio.us is good example of widely accepted and collaboratively created tags, contend creation and blogging (Subramanya Liu, 2008). Social bookmarking systems provide a clear incentive for users to participate (Farrell et al., 2007). The idea of tagging has been expanded to include what are called tag clouds: groups of tags (tag sets) from a number of different users of a tagging service, which collates information about the frequency with which particular tags are used (Anderson, 2007). 1.3.3 MULTIMEDIA SHARING According to Paul Anderson (2007) multimedia sharing is one of the biggest growth areas amongst services. Well known examples are YouTube which provide video storage and sharing Flicker for photographs and Odeo for Podcasts. These services provide writable facility which at the same time makes users as a consumers and initiate active participation and production of web contents. There are million of people participating in sharing and exchange of these types of media by producing their own podcasts, videos and photos. This development was made possible thorough widespread adoption of high quality and low cost media technology. Such as mobile devices which provide high quality video capturing and photography facility, camcorders with huge storage capability. Refrences 1 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 2 Mason, R. Rennie, F. 2007, Using Web 2.0 for learning in the community, The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 196-203. 3 Beldarrain, Y. 2006, Distance Education Trends. Distance Education 27(2), 139-153. 4 Murugesan, S. 2007, Understanding Web 2.0. IT Pro. Vol. July/August 2007. P. 34-41. 5 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 6 OReilly, T. 2005, Web 2.0: Compact Definition? 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Apendix 1.0 DATE NUMBER OF USERS % WORLD POPULATION INFORMATION SOURCE December, 1995 16 millions 0.40% IDC December, 1996 36 millions 0.90% IDC December, 1997 70 millions 1.70% IDC December, 1998 147 millions 3.60% C.I.Almanac December, 1999 248 millions 4.10% Nua Ltd. March, 2000 304 millions 5.00% Nua Ltd. July, 2000 359 millions 5.90% Nua Ltd. December, 2000 361 millions 5.80% Internet World Stats March, 2001 458 millions 7.60% Nua Ltd. June, 2001 479 millions 7.90% Nua Ltd. August, 2001 513 millions 8.60% Nua Ltd. April, 2002 558 millions 8.60% Internet World Stats July, 2002 569 millions 9.10% Internet World Stats September, 2002 587 millions 9.40% Internet World Stats March, 2003 608 millions 9.70% Internet World Stats September, 2003 677 millions 10.60% Internet World Stats October, 2003 682 millions 10.70% Internet World Stats December, 2003 719 millions 11.10% Internet World Stats February, 2004 745 millions 11.50% Internet World Stats May, 2004 757 millions 11.70% Internet World Stats October, 2004 812 millions 12.70% Internet World Stats December, 2004 817 millions 12.70% Internet World Stats March, 2005 888 millions 13.90% Internet World Stats July, 2005 939 millions 14.60% Internet World Stats September, 2005 957 millions 14.90% Internet World Stats November, 2005 972 millions 15.20% Internet World Stats December, 2005 1,018 millions 15.70% Internet World Stats March, 2006 1,022 millions 15.70% Internet World Stats June, 2006 1,043 millions 16.00% Internet World Stats September, 2006 1,066 millions 16.40% Internet World Stats December, 2006 1,093 millions 16.70% Internet World Stats March, 2007 1,129 millions 17.20% Internet World Stats June, 2007 1,173 millions 17.80% Internet World Stats Sept, 2007 1,245 millions 18.90% Internet World Stats Dec, 2007 1,319 millions 20.00% Internet World Stats March, 2008 1,407 millions 21.10% Internet World Stats June, 2008 1,463 millions 21.90% Internet World Stats December, 2008 1,574 millions 23.50% Internet World Stats March, 2009 1,596 millions 23.80% Internet World Stats June, 2009