According to National Institute of Health

According to National Institute of Health (NIH) (2006), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( back up) is caused by gentlemans gentleman Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) by gradually destroying CD4+ T cells (also called T-helper cells), which play a significant role in the immune response system.In a healthy subject the CD4+ T cells range between 800 to 1,200 cells/mm3 but when this count falls below 200 cells/mm3, the individual is most vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers characteristic of AIDS.From the above it is evident that torso has its own mechanism to prevent infections i.e., immune response system comprising of CD4+ T cells which are actually attacked by HIV systematically destroying the CD4+ T cells. These cells are brisk in fighting back infections attacking the body, thus once their count falls abnormally the body is vulnerable to the so called opportunistic infections which are typical of AIDS.Grant and Cock (2001) stated that ev eryday symptoms in the early stages include injustice of weight, fever, sweating during nights, diarrhea and frequent skin disorders especially of varicella zoster, fungal infections and pruriginous dermatitis steer to itchy rashes resulting into ulcerations and healing with pigmented macules.However the expanded definition of AIDS states that in addition to the above mentioned symptoms an individual is stated to be suffering from AIDS if the test for HIV antibody gives a positive result subject to one or more of the following conditions Weight loss of more than 10% Cryptococcal meningitis Pulmonary or supernumerary pulmonary tuberculosis Kaposis Sarcoma Neurological impairment sufficient to prevent independent daily activities. Candidiasis of the oesophagus and oral region accompanied by dysphagia Recurrent episodes of pneumonia with or without aetiological confirmation Invasive cervical cancerCandidiasis of the oesophagus and oral region is caused to infection by fungus in immu nocompromised patients such as those suffering from AIDS and gradually no medication may be effective in future course of time ultimately leading to loss of appetite and weight.Cryptococcal meningitis is infection of the brain and is due to spread of fungus from lungs to the brain through blood circulation. People who have defects in their cell-mediated immunity such those suffering from AIDS, are susceptible to disseminated cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal meningitis is fatal. The fungus infects the nervous system causing inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.The more frequent probable causes of HIV related diseases include rational toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis most often presents as a space occupying lesion of the brain, and cryptococcosis as chronic meningitis thus brain gets effected in particular and nervous system in general.One of the important opportunistic infections includes tuberculosis and may be detected at an y stage in the course of immunodeficiency. Pulmonary tuberculosis is corresponding to non-HIV infected subjects in the initial stages of HIV infection, but the advanced stages of immunodeficiency exhibit disseminated and multibacillary nature of tuberculosis thus causing extensive damage to lungs in general and pulmonary system in particular.Pneumonia is an acute or chronic inflammation of lungs caused due to infection caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus. Patients suffering from AIDS easily get affected by opportunistic infections causing pneumocystis pneumonia or cytomegalovirus pneumonia.People suffering from AIDS are infected by various types of pneumonia bear upon the lungs and respiratory system, thus respiratory system gets seriously affected along with the immune system.Kaposis Sarcoma is cancer of skin, mucous membranes and blood vessels. Kaposis Sarcoma is characterized by haemorrhage at different sites on patients skin with the formation of round or elliptical lesions about quarter butt to one inch in size.